MV Camera on Radxa Boards

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1 Overview

The MV series and RAW series cameras are cameras designed for AI applications in the industrial field. They use the MIPI CSI-2 interface and are particularly suitable for use with embedded computing platforms. They have rich data formats and triggering features, extremely low latency, high bandwidth, and reliable stability.

This article takes Radxa's ZERO 3W board as an example to introduce how to connect MV and RAW series cameras to the RK3566/3K3568 system.

We provide drivers for the Linux operating system (using Radxa OS Debainas an example).

1.1 Camera Module List

Series	Model	Status
MV series	MV-MIPI-IMX178M	Done
MV series	MV-MIPI-SC130M	Done
MV series	MV-MIPI-IMX296M	Done
MV series	MV-MIPI-IMX287M	Done
MV series	MV-MIPI-IMX265M	Done
MV series	MV-MIPI-IMX264M	Done
RAW series	RAW-MIPI-SC132M	Done
RAW series	RAW-MIPI-IMX462M	Done
RAW series	RAW-MIPI-AR0234M	Done

2 Hardware Setup

2.1 Connection of MV series camera and Radxa ZERO 3W

The MV series cameras require the ADP-MV1 adapter board in order to connect to the Radxa ZERO 3W board.

The ADP-MV1 and Zero 3W are connected to each other using a 15 to 22P FFC cable, taking care that the silver contacts are facing outwards.

TOP	BOTTOM
Radxa Zero 3W connect to MV camera	Radxa Zero 3W connect to MV camera 2

2.1.1 Connection of RAW-MIPI-SC132M and ADP-MV2

The two are connected to each other using a 15 to 22P FFC cable, taking care that the silver contacts are facing outwards.

TOP	BOTTOM
Radxa Zero 3W connect to RAW-MIPI-SC132M	Radxa Zero 3W connect to RAW-MIPI-SC132M 2

2.2 Connection of other RAW series camera and Radxa ZERO 3W

The two are connected using 0.5 mm pitch*pin FFC cable with opposite-side contacts. The cable must be inserted with the silver contacts facing outside.

TOP	BOTTOM
Radxa Zero 3W connect to RAW series camera	Radxa Zero 3W connect to RAW series camera 2

3 Introduction to github repositories

https://github.com/veyeimaging/rk35xx_radxa

includes：

• driver source code
• i2c toolkits
• application demo

In addition, a compiled linux kernel installation package and Android image is provided in the releases.

4 Upgrade Radxa Debain system

4.1 Overview

This section describes how to update the RK35xx system to support our camera modules.

We provide a deb installation package that can be installed directly.

4.2 Burn Radxa standard system

Refer to the Radxa documentation to burn in a standard system.

4.3 Using prebuilt Image and dtb file

Using the compiled debain installation package

On the RK35xx board,

Download the latest rk356x_radxa_zero3w.tar.gz from https://github.com/veyeimaging/rk35xx_radxa/releases/ .

tar -xavf rk356x_radxa_zero3w.tar.gz

cd rk356x_radxa_zero3w/released_images/mvcam

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-5.10.160-36-rk356x_5.10.160-36_arm64_mvcam.deb

sudo dpkg -i linux-image-5.10.160-36-rk356x_5.10.160-36_arm64_mvcam.deb

sudo reboot

If the version does not match, it needs to be compiled from the source code.

5 Check system status

5.1 Whether the camera is correctly recognized

After system update, reboot the main board.

Execute the following command on the main board to check if the camera is properly connected.

dmesg | grep mvcam

You can see the camera model and the camera version number probed.

A prompt as below indicates that the MV-MIPI-IMX296M camera is detected on the i2c-2 bus.

mvcam 2-003b: camera is：MV-MIPI-IMX296M

mvcam 2-003b: firmware version: 0x1290133

For Radxa Zero 3W, the camera is connected to i2c-2.

• Check the video0 device node:

ls /dev/video0

You should see:

video0

After successfully identifying the camera, the camera will be recognized as /dev/video0.

5.2 Using media-ctl to view topology

Using the media-ctl command can clearly display the current topography structure.

media-ctl -p -d /dev/media0

5.2.1 Link relationship

mv camera->rockchip-csi2-dphy0->rockchip-mipi-csi2->stream_cif_mipi_id0 - - ->DDR(/dev/video0)

The application can obtain images through the /dev/video0 node.

5.2.2 mv camera entity information

Taking the MV-MIPI-IMX296M as an example:

- entity 63: m00_b_mvcam 2-003b (1 pad, 1 link)

             type V4L2 subdev subtype Sensor flags 0

             device node name /dev/v4l-subdev2

        pad0: Source

                [fmt:Y8_1X8/1456x1088@100/6000 field:none]

                -> "rockchip-csi2-dphy0":0 [ENABLED]

You can see that:

• The complete name of this entity is: m00_b_mvcam 2-003b.
• It is a V4L2 subdev (Sub-Device) Sensor.
• Its corresponding node is /dev/v4l-subdev2, which can be opened and configured by applications (such as v4l2-ctl).
• Its output format is [fmt:Y8_1X8/1456x1088@100/6000 field:none], where Y8_1X8 is a shorthand for a mbus-code, which will be listed in the next section of this article.
• The current resolution is 1456x1088.
• The current frame interval is 100/6000, which means the frame rate is 60.
• The data format output by the camera can be modified using the media-ctl command.

5.2.3 mbus-code list

MV series and RAW series cameras have different data format capabilities, which can be found in the data manual for each camera model.

Format on datasheet	mbus-code for media-ctl	FourCC pixelformat for v4l2-ctl
RAW8	Y8_1X8	GREY
RAW10	Y10_1X10	'Y10 '
RAW12	Y12_1X12	'Y12 '
UYVY	UYVY8_2X8	UYVY

6 Raw data format

The VICAP module of RK35xx supports two data saving formats, Compact and Noncompact RAW. You can modify the mode using the RKCIF_CMD_SET_CSI_MEMORY_MODE ioctl command of RKCIF. By default, the output is in Compact RAW format.

Compact raw and noncompact raw of rk3588 VICAP

6.1 Noncompact RAW

For pixel data with 10-bit depth or 12-bit depth, two bytes are always used to store one pixel. This storage method is convenient for software processing, but it has the disadvantage of occupying a large amount of space.

Depending on whether the effective data is stored in the high bits or low bits, it can be further divided into two types: high align and low align.

6.1.1 Noncompact RAW(high align)

Data is saved to the high bits, and the unused low bits are filled with 0. This is one of the data formats supported by RK VICAP.

6.1.2 Noncompact RAW(low align)

In Noncompact RAW (low align) format, data is saved to the low bits, and the unused high bits are filled with 0. The V4L2 standard 'Y10' (10-bit Greyscale) and 'Y12' (12-bit Greyscale) formats are both stored in this way.

The pixel_layer_convert conversion tool mentioned later in the article also converts Compact RAW to this storage format for easy display using image players.

6.2 Compact RAW

As shown above，there is no bit padding between pixels in this storage format.

6.3 Line stride

To facilitate fast operations on images, the system usually provides row-aligned buffer sizes for each line of data. RK3588 uses 256-byte alignment for this purpose.

line_stride = ALIGN_UP（image_width*bits_per_pixel/8,256）

For example, when the image width is 1456:

8bit depth，line_stride=1536

10bit depth，preferred_stride=2048

12bit depth，preferred_stride=2304

6.4 Format convert tool

We have written a small tool: pixel_layer_convert, which can easily convert Compact images to Noncompact (low align) images.

For example, the following command can convert a Compact RAW10 image with a width of 1456 to Noncompact RAW10 format:

./pixel_layer_convert -I R10C -i y10-1456x1088_0001.raw -o y10-1456x1088_0001_new.raw -w 1456

6.5 Raw data image player

We recommend using vooya as the player, which supports GREY, and unpacked image formats.

Also, y8 file can be used with this player: YUV Displayer Deluxe.

7 Application examples

7.1 Configuring  global variables

Based on the board model, configure the I2C_BUS global variable as follows:

• Radxa Zero 3W

export I2C_BUS=2

For the convenience of later descriptions, global variables are configured here according to the sensor size.

• MV-MIPI-IMX178M

export WIDTH=3088

export HEIGHT=2064

export FPS=22

• MV-MIPI-SC130M

export WIDTH=1280

export HEIGHT=1024

export FPS=108

• MV-MIPI-IMX296M

export WIDTH=1456

export HEIGHT=1088

export FPS=60

• MV-MIPI-IMX287M

export WIDTH=704

export HEIGHT=544

export FPS=319

• MV-MIPI-IMX265M

export WIDTH=2048

export HEIGHT=1544

export FPS=45

• MV-MIPI-IMX264M

export WIDTH=2432

export HEIGHT=2056

export FPS=28

• RAW-MIPI-SC132M

export WIDTH=1024

export HEIGHT=1280

export FPS=120

• RAW-MIPI-IMX462M

export WIDTH=1920

export HEIGHT=1088

export FPS=60

• RAW-MIPI-AR0234M

export WIDTH=1920

export HEIGHT=1200

export FPS=60

7.2 Configure parameters using v4l2-ctl

$ v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 -L

User Controls

                   trigger_mode 0x00981901 (int)    : min=0 max=2 step=1 default=0 value=0 flags=volatile, execute-on-write

                    trigger_src 0x00981902 (int)    : min=0 max=1 step=1 default=1 value=1 flags=volatile, execute-on-write

                    soft_trgone 0x00981903 (button) : flags=write-only, execute-on-write

                     frame_rate 0x00981904 (int)    : min=1 max=60 step=1 default=60 value=60 flags=volatile, execute-on-write

                          roi_x 0x00981905 (int)    : min=0 max=1376 step=8 default=0 value=0

                          roi_y 0x00981906 (int)    : min=0 max=1024 step=4 default=0 value=0

Parameters can be set and get using the following methods.

v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl [ctrl_type]=[val]

v4l2-ctl --get-ctrl [ctrl_type]

All the above functions can be implemented using mv_mipi_i2c.sh.

Note that the above parameters cannot be modified during the capture process.

The following is an explanation of each parameter:

7.2.1 Trigger Mode

v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl trigger_mode=[0-2]

0：Video streaming mode

1：Normal trigger mode.

2：High-speed continuous trigger mode.

7.2.2 Trigger Source

v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl trigger_src=[0-1]

0: Software trigger mode.

1: Hardware trigger mode.

7.2.3 Software trigger command

v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl soft_trgone=1

7.2.4 Set frame rate

v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl frame_rate=[1-max]

The maximum frame rate is automatically updated as the resolution changed.

7.2.5 Set the starting position of the ROI

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl roi_x=0

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl roi_y=0

After setting the ROI starting position, you need to complete the full ROI configuration using the media-ctl command.

Note that setting the ROI may affect the maximum frame rate, and the ROI parameters need to meet the requirements specified in the camera manual.

7.3 Set image format using media-ctl

use the following command to configure the camera's data format, resolution, and frame rate using media-ctl:

media-ctl -d /dev/media0 --set-v4l2 '"m00_b_mvcam '"$I2C_BUS"'-003b":0[fmt:Y8_1X8/'"$WIDTH"'x'"$HEIGHT"'@1/'"$FPS"']'

Among them: "m00_b_mvcam '"$I2C_BUS"'-003b" refers to the complete name of the camera entity, Y8_1X8 is the mbus-code, '"$WIDTH"'x'"$HEIGHT"' indicates the resolution, 1/'"$FPS"' indicates the resolution frame rate.

The width and height here cooperate with the roi_x and roi_y of the v4l2-ctl command to form the ROI parameter.

For example, for MV-MIPI-IMX296M, the command after variable replacement would be:

media-ctl -d /dev/media0 --set-v4l2 '"m00_b_mvcam 2-003b":0[fmt:Y8_1X8/1456x1088@1/60 field:none]'

You can not only configure the data format, resolution, and frame rate in one command, but also modify them separately as needed.

7.4 Video Streaming mode

7.4.1 Set data format, resolution, frame rate

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl roi_x=0

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl roi_y=0

media-ctl -d /dev/media0 --set-v4l2 '"m00_b_mvcam '"$I2C_BUS"'-003b":0[fmt:Y8_1X8/'"$WIDTH"'x'"$HEIGHT"'@1/'"$FPS"']'

7.4.2 Frame rate statistics

In streaming mode, the following commands can be used for frame rate statistics：

v4l2-ctl --set-fmt-video=width=$WIDTH,height=$HEIGHT,pixelformat=GREY --stream-mmap --stream-count=-1 --stream-to=/dev/null

Or：

./yavta -c1000 --skip 0 -f Y8 -s ${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT} /dev/video0

7.4.3 Save image to file

• raw8

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=$WIDTH,height=$HEIGHT,pixelformat=GREY --stream-mmap --stream-count=1 --stream-to=y8-${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT}.raw

• raw10

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=$WIDTH,height=$HEIGHT,pixelformat='Y10 ' --stream-mmap --stream-count=1 --stream-to=y10-${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT}.raw

• raw12

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=$WIDTH,height=$HEIGHT,pixelformat='Y12 ' --stream-mmap --stream-count=1 --stream-to=y12-${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT}.raw

Please refer to the description in the previous section for the image format.

7.4.4 Example of yavta

7.4.4.1 Install yavta

git clone git://git.ideasonboard.org/yavta.git

cd yavta;make

7.4.4.2 Save image to file

After setting data format, resolution, frame rate，run:

./yavta -c1 -Fy8-${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT}.raw --skip 0 -f Y8 -s ${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT} /dev/video0

7.4.5 Example of import image to OpenCV

sudo apt install python3-opencv

See the samples directory on github for details.

python ./v4l2dev_2_opencv_show_grey.py --width 1456 --height 1088 --fps 60 --i2c 2

7.4.6 Example of gstreamer application

To facilitate installation and debugging, the MV series cameras provide UYVY mode, which supports a maximum width of 2880 and can be previewed in real time using the following command.

Note that the RAW series does not support the UYVY format.

Note: To increase the maximum frame rate and bandwidth, some modules no longer support the UYVY format. Please use the "fmtcap" command in the script to read the registers to confirm the specific configuration.

We provide several gstreamer routines that implement the preview function. See the samples directory on github for details.

7.5 Trigger mode

7.5.1 Set data format, resolution, frame rate

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl roi_x=0

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl roi_y=0

media-ctl -d /dev/media0 --set-v4l2 '"m00_b_mvcam '"$I2C_BUS"'-003b":0[fmt:Y8_1X8/'"$WIDTH"'x'"$HEIGHT"'@1/'"$FPS"']'

7.5.2 Software trigger mode

7.5.2.1 Set mode

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl trigger_mode=1

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl trigger_src=0

7.5.2.2 Start acquisition

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=$WIDTH,height=$HEIGHT,pixelformat=GREY --stream-mmap --stream-count=1 --stream-to=y8-${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT}.raw

7.5.2.3 Perform soft trigger operation

In other shell terminals, you can execute the following command multiple times for multiple triggers.

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl soft_trgone=1

7.5.3 Hardware trigger mode

7.5.3.1 Set mode

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl trigger_mode=1

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev2 --set-ctrl trigger_src=1

The mv_mipi_i2c.sh script can be used to set rich trigger parameters.

7.5.3.2 Start acquisition

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=$WIDTH,height=$HEIGHT,pixelformat=GREY --stream-mmap --stream-count=1 --stream-to=y8-${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT}.raw

7.5.3.3 Perform hardware trigger operation

Connect the appropriate trigger signal to the trigger pin of the camera and trigger it.

8 i2c script for parameter configuration

We provide shell scripts to configure the parameters.

mv_mipi_i2c.sh user guide

9 Compile drivers and dtb from source code

• RK356x

https://github.com/veyeimaging/rk35xx_radxa/tree/main/linux/drivers/rk356x

10 i2c script for parameter configuration

Because of the high degree of freedom of our camera parameters, we do not use V4L2 parameters to control, but use scripts to configure parameters.

https://github.com/veyeimaging/rk35xx_radxa/tree/main/i2c_cmd

using -b option to identify which bus you want to use.

• VEYE series

Video Control Toolkits Manual ：VEYE-MIPI-327 I2C

11 References

• Radxa Zero 3W Manual

https://docs.radxa.com/zero/zero3

• BSP toolkit

https://radxa-repo.github.io/bsp/

12 Document History

• 2024-04-24

Release 1st version.